Doppler Effect (General)

f^{'} = f \frac{v \pm v _{o}}{v \mp v _{s}}

Frequency shift for moving source and/or observer.

Variables

f'

Observed frequency

Frequency heard

Hz

f

Source frequency

Emitted frequency

Hz

v

Wave speed

Speed in medium

m/s

v_o

Observer velocity

Observer speed

m/s

v_s

Source velocity

Source speed

m/s

Derivation

Upper signs: approaching. Lower signs: receding.

Your notes

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